pr(1) manual page
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pr - print files
/usr/bin/pr [+page] [-column] [-adFmrt]
[-e[char][gap]] [-h header] [-i[char][gap]] [-l lines] [-n[char][width]]
[\-o offset] [-s[char]] [-w width] [-fp] [file...]
/usr/xpg4/bin/pr [+page] [-column | -c column] [-adFmrt] [-e[char][gap]] [-h
header] [-i[char][gap]] [-l lines] [-n[char][width]] [-o offset] [-s[char]]
[-w width] [-fp] [file...]
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The pr utility is a printing and pagination filter. If multiple
input files are specified, each is read, formatted, and written to standard
output. By default, the input is separated into 66-line pages, each with:
- a 5-line header that includes the page number, date, time and the path name
of the file
a 5-line trailer consisting of blank lines
If standard output
is associated with a terminal, diagnostic messages will be deferred until
the pr utility has completed processing.
When options specifying multi-column
output are specified, output text columns will be of equal width; input
lines that do not fit into a text column will be truncated. By default,
text columns are separated with at least one blank character.
The
following options are supported. In the following option descriptions, column,
lines, offset, page, and width are positive decimal integers; gap is a
non-negative decimal integer. Some of the option-arguments are optional, and
some of the option-arguments cannot be specified as separate arguments from
the preceding option letter. In particular, the -s option does not allow
the option letter to be separated from its argument, and the options -e,
-i, and -n require that both arguments, if present, not be separated from
the option letter.
The following options are supported by both /usr/bin/pr
and /usr/xpg4/bin/pr:
- +page
- Begin output at page number page of the formatted
input.
- -column
- Produce multi-column output that is arranged in column columns
(default is 1) and is written down each column in the order in which the
text is received from the input file. This option should not be used with
-m. The -e and -i options will be assumed for multiple text-column output. Whether
or not text columns are produced with identical vertical lengths is unspecified,
but a text column will never exceed the length of the page (see the -l option).
When used with -t, use the minimum number of lines to write the output.
- -a
- Modify the effect of the -column option so that the columns are filled across
the page in a round-robin order (for example, when column is 2, the first
input line heads column 1, the second heads column 2, the third is the
second line in column 1, and so forth).
- -d
- Produce output that is double-spaced; append an extra NEWLINE
character
following every NEWLINE
character found in the input.
- -e[char][gap]
- Expand
each input TAB
character to the next greater column position specified
by the formula n *gap+1, where n is an integer >0. If gap is 0 or is omitted,
it defaults to 8. All TAB
characters in the input will be expanded into
the appropriate number of SPACE
characters. If any non-digit character,
char, is specified, it will be used as the input tab character.
- -f
- Use a FORMFEED
character for new pages, instead of the default behavior
that uses a sequence of NEWLINE
characters. Pause before beginning the first
page if the standard output is associated with a terminal.
- -h header
- Use
the string header to replace the contents of the file operand in the page
header.
- -l lines
- Override the 66-line default and reset the page length to
lines. If lines is not greater than the sum of both the header and trailer
depths (in lines), pr will suppress both the header and trailer, as if
the -t option were in effect.
- -m
- Merge files. Standard output will be formatted
so pr writes one line from each file specified by file, side by side into
text columns of equal fixed widths, in terms of the number of column positions.
Implementations support merging of at least nine files.
- -n[char][width]
- Provide
width-digit line numbering (default for width is 5). The number will occupy
the first width column positions of each text column of default output
or each line of -m output. If char (any non-digit character) is given, it
will be appended to the line number to separate it from whatever follows
(default for char is a TAB
character).
- -o offset
- Each line of output will be preceded by offset <space>s. If the
-o option is not specified, the default offset is 0. The space taken will
be in addition to the output line width (see -w option below).
- -p
- Pause before
beginning each page if the standard output is directed to a terminal (pr
will write an ALERT
character to standard error and wait for a carriage-return
character to be read on /dev/tty).
- -r
- Write no diagnostic reports on failure
to open files.
- -s[char]
- Separate text columns by the single character char
instead of by the appropriate number of SPACE
characters (default for char
is the TAB
character).
- -t
- Write neither the five-line identifying header nor
the five-line trailer usually supplied for each page. Quit writing after
the last line of each file without spacing to the end of the page.
- -w width
- Set the width of the line to width column positions for multiple text-column
output only. If the -w option is not specified and the -s option is not specified,
the default width is 72. If the -w option is not specified and the -s option
is specified, the default width is 512.
For single column output, input
lines will not be truncated.
The following options are supported
by /usr/bin/pr only:
- -F
- Fold the lines of the input file. When used in multi-column
mode (with the -a or -m options), lines will be folded to fit the current
column’s width; otherwise, they will be folded to fit the current line width
(80 columns).
- -i[char][gap]
- In output, replace SPACE
characters with TAB
characters wherever one or more adjacent SPACE
characters reach column
positions gap+1, 2*gap+1, 3*gap+1, and so forth. If gap is 0 or is omitted,
default TAB
settings at every eighth column position are assumed. If any
non-digit character, char, is specified, it will be used as the output TAB
character.
The following options are supported by /usr/xpg4/bin/pr
only:
- -F
- Use a FORMFEED
character for new pages, instead of the default
behavior that uses a sequence of NEWLINE
characters.
- -i[char][gap]
- In output,
replace multiple SPACE
characters with TAB
characters wherever two or more
adjacent SPACE
characters reach column positions gap+1, 2*gap+1, 3*gap+1,
and so forth. If gap is 0 or is omitted, default TAB
settings at every eighth
column position are assumed. If any non-digit character, char, is specified,
it will be used as the output TAB
character.
The following operand
is supported:
- file
- A path name of a file to be written. If no file operands
are specified, or if a file operand is -, the standard input will be used.
.- Print a numbered list of all files in the current directory:
ls
-a | pr -n -h "Files in $(pwd)."
.- Print file1 and file2 as a double-spaced, three-column
listing headed by ‘file list’:
pr -3d -h "file list" file1 file2
.- Write file1 on file2, expanding tabs to columns 10, 19, 28, ... :
pr -e9 -t
<file1 >file2
See environ(5)
for descriptions of the following
environment variables that affect the execution of pr: LC_CTYPE
, LC_MESSAGES
,
LC_TIME
, TZ
, and NLSPATH
.
The following exit values are returned:
- Successful completion.
- >0
- An error occurred.
expand(1)
, lp(1)
, environ(5)
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