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Name

ftok - convert a pathname and a project identifier to a System V IPC key

Synopsis


#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/ipc.h>

key_t ftok(const char *pathname, int proj_id);

Description

The ftok() function uses the identity of the file named by the given pathname (which must refer to an existing, accessible file) and the least significant 8 bits of proj_id (which must be nonzero) to generate a key_t type System V IPC key, suitable for use with msgget(2) , semget(2) , or shmget(2) .

The resulting value is the same for all pathnames that name the same file, when the same value of proj_id is used. The value returned should be different when the (simultaneously existing) files or the project IDs differ.

Return Value

On success, the generated key_t value is returned. On failure -1 is returned, with errno indicating the error as for the stat(2) system call.

Attributes

Multithreading (see pthreads(7) )

The ftok() function is thread-safe.

Conforming to

POSIX.1-2001.

Notes

On some ancient systems, the prototype was:

key_t ftok(char *pathname, char proj_id);

Today, proj_id is an int, but still only 8 bits are used. Typical usage has an ASCII character proj_id, that is why the behavior is said to be undefined when proj_id is zero.

Of course, no guarantee can be given that the resulting key_t is unique. Typically, a best-effort attempt combines the given proj_id byte, the lower 16 bits of the inode number, and the lower 8 bits of the device number into a 32-bit result. Collisions may easily happen, for example between files on /dev/hda1 and files on /dev/sda1.

See Also

msgget(2) , semget(2) , shmget(2) , stat(2) , svipc(7)

Colophon

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