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> b kadb [ -d ] [ boot-flags ]
SUNWcar
Unlike adb, kadb runs in the same supervisor virtual address space as the program being debugged, although it maintains a separate context. The debugger runs as a co-process that cannot be killed (no ‘:k’) or rerun (no ‘:r’). There is no signal control (no ‘:i’, ‘:t’, or ‘$i’), although the keyboard facilities (CTRL-C , CTRL-S, and CTRL-Q ) are simulated.
In the case of the UNIX system kernel, the keyboard abort sequence will suspend kernel operations and break into the debugger. On a SPARC system, the keyboard abort sequence is L1-A for the console, and BREAK for a serial line. On an x86 or PowerPC system, the keyboard abort sequence is CTRL-ALT-D for the console. kadb gives the prompt:
where # is the CPU it is currently executing on.
Since the kernel is composed of the core image file (kernel/unix) and the set of loadable modules already in memory, kadb has the capability of debugging all of these by traversing special data structures. kadb makes use of this feature to allow it to reference any kernel data structure, even if it resides in a loadable module. kadb will set the ’-d’ flag by default so the program being debugged can tell it is being watched. If this flag is not given, kadb will load and immediately run the default kernel .
On a SPARC system, device-specifier specifies the device from which to load. See monitor(1M) .
Most adb commands function in kadb as expected. As with ‘adb -k’, $p works when debugging kernels. The verbs ? and / are equivalent in kadb, since there is only one address space in use.
kadb has the following additional commands. (Note: for the general syntax of adb commands, see adb(1) .)
- [
- Like :e in adb(1) , but requires only one keystroke and no RETURN character.
- ]
- Like :s in adb(1) , but requires only one keystroke and no RETURN character.
- :a
- Sets a hardware access (read or write) breakpoint using the processor hardware facilities. The syntax and action for this is the same as :b in adb(1) , with the following exceptions:
- the breakpoint will trigger if any bytes from the breakpoint for length bytes are being accessed. See $l below for setting the length of a hardware breakpoint.
- breakpoints should be aligned for the length specified. Any address is valid for length 1. Addresses divisible by 2 should be used for length 2 (short). Addresses divisible by 4 should be used for length 4 (long).
- for an access to be detected it must complete the instruction that caused the access. This means that this breakpoint will stop after the access not before.
- there are a limited number of hardware breakpoint registers (4) and when set this will use one.
- since this breakpoint does not modify memory locations this will work on locations that are not in core at the time the breakpoint is set.
- :w
- Like :a above, but will only breakpoint on a write to the specified address.
- :p
- Like :a above, but will only breakpoint when an instruction at the specified address is run. Note that the $l operation has no effect on this type of breakpoint. This breakpoint will occur before the instruction is executed.
- $l
- Sets the default data length for an access or write breakpoint. The syntax for this command is [length]$l. Length can be set to one for byte, two for short and 4 for long word accesses. If length is left off byte will be assumed. Once set this value will affect any newly set access or write breakpoints. But will not affect ones set before this operation.
- $b
- Has two additional columns that adb(1) does not have. The first is the type column which indicates soft for a normal breakpoint, access for an access hardware breakpoint, write for a write hardware breakpoint, and inst for an instruction hardware breakpoint. The second is the len column which for access and write breakpoints indicate the length of the operation to break on.
- :i
- Will input a byte for display from the address specified io port. For example 330:i will input from address port 330.
- :o
- Will output a byte to the address specified io port. [address],[data]:o will output data byte to address io port. For example 330,80:o will output 80 to address port 330.
- :i
- Will input a byte for display from the address specified io port. For example 330:i will input from address port 330.
- :o
- Will output a byte to the address specified io port. [address],[data]:o will output data byte to address io port. For example 330,80:o will output 80 to address port 330.
- <N>:x
- Switch the active CPU to <N>. Thereafter, commands such as $r and $c will display the registers and stack of the new CPU.
The user may either press RETURN
to use the default,
or BACK SPACE
and type in the name of another program to debug.
As with adb, macros can be used with kadb, but they cannot be read from a file at runtime. The kadb command $M lists all the macros built into kadb.
SPARC: kadb cannot reliably single-step over instructions which change the processor status register.