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Within the /usr/src directory are the cmd, lib, uts, head, and stand directories, as well as commands to remake the parts of the system found under each of these sub-directories. These commands are named :mk and :mkdir where dir is the name of the directory to be recreated. Each of these :mkdir commands rebuilds all or part of the directory it is responsible for. The :mk command runs each of the other commands in order and thus recreates the whole system. The :mk command is distributed only to source code licensees.

Each command, with its associated directory, is described below.

:mklib

The lib directory contains the source code for the system libraries. The most important of these is the C library. Each library is in its own sub-directory. If any arguments are specified on the :mklib command line then only the given libraries are rebuilt. The argument \* causes it to rebuild all libraries found under the lib directory.

:mkhead

The head directory contains the source code versions of the headers found in the /usr/include directory. The :mkhead command installs the headers given as arguments. The argument \* causes it to install all headers.

:mkuts

The uts directory contains the source code for the UNIX Operating System. The :mkuts command takes no arguments and invokes a series of makefiles that recreates the operating system.

Associated with the operating system is a set of headers that

describe the user interface to the operating system. The source for these headers is found in a sub-directory within the uts directory tree. The user-accessible versions of these headers are found in the /usr/include/sys directory. The :mksyshead command installs these headers into the /usr/include/sys directory.

:mkstand

The stand directory contains stand-alone commands and boot programs. The :mkstand command rebuilds and installs these programs. Note that these stand-alone programs are only applicable to the DEC processors and are not built for any other machine.

:mkcmd

The cmd directory contains the source code for all the commands available on the system. There are two types of entries within the cmd directory: commands whose source code consists of only one file with one of the following suffixes: .l, .y, .c, .s, .sh, or a sub-directory that contains the multiple source files that comprise a particular command or subsystem.
Each sub-directory is assumed to have a makefile (see make(1S) ) with the name command.mk that takes care of creating everything associated with that directory and its sub-directories.

The :mkcmd command transforms source code into an executable command

based on a set of predefined rules. If the :mkcmd command encounters a sub-directory within the cmd directory then it runs the makefile found in that sub-directory. If no makefile is found then an error is reported. For single-file commands, the predefined rules are dependent on the file’s suffix. C programs (.c) are compiled by the C compiler and loaded stripped with shared text. Assembly language programs (.s) are assembled and loaded stripped. Yacc programs (.y) and lex programs (.l) are processed by yacc() and lex() respectively, before C compilation. Shell programs (.sh) are copied to create the command. Each of these operations leaves a command in the ./cmd directory which is then installed into a user-accessible directory by using /usr/sbin/install.

The arguments to :mkcmd are either command names

or subsystem names. Some subsystems distributed with the UNIX system are: acct, graf, sgs, sccs, and text. Prefacing the :mkcmd command with an assignment to the shell variable $ARGS causes the indicated components of the subsystem to be rebuilt.

For example, the entire sccs subsystem can be rebuilt by:

/usr/src/:mkcmd sccs

while the delta component of sccs can be rebuilt by:

ARGS="delta" /usr/src/:mkcmd sccs

The log command, which is a part of the stat package, which is itself a part of the graf package, can be rebuilt by:

ARGS="stat log" /usr/src/:mkcmd graf

The argument \* causes all commands and subsystems to be rebuilt.

Makefiles throughout the system, and particularly in the cmd directory, have a standard format. In particular, :mkcmd depends on each makefile having target entries for install and clobber. The install target should cause everything over which the makefile has jurisdiction to be built and installed by /usr/sbin/install. The clobber target should cause a complete cleanup of all unnecessary files resulting from the previous invocation. The commands that use the CLOBBER environment variable are :mkcmd, :mklib, and :mkuts. These commands all check the CLOBBER variable before executing make clobber. If this variable is set to OFF , then make clobber is not performed. If the variable is not set or is set to anything other than OFF , the make clobber is performed.

An effort has been made to separate the creation of a command from source and its installation on the running system. The command /usr/sbin/install is used by :mkcmd and most makefiles to install commands in standard directories on the system. The use of install allows maximum flexibility in the administration of the system. The install command makes very few assumptions about where a command is located, who owns it, and what modes are in effect. All assumptions may be overridden on invocation of the command, or more permanently by redefining a few variables in install. The purpose of install is to install a new version of a command in the same place, with the same attributes as the prior version.

In addition, the use of a separate command to perform installation allows for the creation of test systems in other than standard places, easy movement of commands to balance load, and independent maintenance of makefiles.

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